Scheduling of battery energy storages in the joint energy and reserve markets based on the static frequency of power system

• A security-based model is proposed for the scheduling of BES in joint energy and reserve markets. The coupling between security management problems analyzed. pre post contingency intervals are modeled. frequency excursion rate change considered as constraints optimization problem. By using battery storage (BES) a fast, reliable, controllable resource, system operator can compensate power mismatches via changing generation consumption discharging charging modes. However, could decrease inertia grid endanger system. Therefore, operators require that takes into account both economic issues. This paper presents linear optimal synchronous generators BESs markets, based on primary secondary services. In model, technical limitations BESs, limitation grid, (RoCoF) generators, RoCoF Accordingly, resources determined way ensures criteria not violated after contingency. effectiveness strategy demonstrated by four case studies. Simulation results show increasing capacity 4.68% total reduces reserves, costs 13.21 2.96%, respectively. Consequently, reduce operating provide adequate deploying BESs.